Kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory condition that affects dogs. Despite its name, it’s not only contracted in kennels but can spread easily anywhere dogs congregate, such as dog parks, grooming salons, or dog-friendly events.
Although it is usually not a severe condition, kennel cough can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatments of kennel cough is essential for every dog owner.
This ultimate guide will provide a detailed overview of kennel cough, how to treat it, and answer frequently asked questions.
What is Kennel Cough?
Kennel cough, medically known as Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis, is an inflammation of a dog’s upper respiratory system, specifically the trachea and bronchi. It is often caused by a combination of viral and bacterial infections.
The primary culprit is the Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria, but it can also involve the canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus, and even the canine respiratory coronavirus.
While kennel cough is commonly associated with crowded places where dogs are in close contact, it is spread through airborne droplets, contaminated surfaces, or direct contact with infected dogs. The disease can affect any dog, but puppies, senior dogs, and those with compromised immune systems are at higher risk.
Causes of Kennel Cough
There are several factors that contribute to the development of kennel cough in dogs. The condition is usually caused by one or more pathogens. The main causes include:
1. Bordetella bronchiseptica: This bacteria is the leading cause of kennel cough. It damages the lining of the airways, leading to inflammation and irritation, which causes the characteristic dry, honking cough.
2. Canine Parainfluenza Virus (CPIV): A virus that weakens the immune system, allowing bacterial infections like Bordetella to take hold.
3. Canine Adenovirus Type 2 (CAV-2): This virus can also contribute to kennel cough, causing symptoms similar to those of CPIV.
4. Canine Respiratory Coronavirus (CRCoV): Though it is less common, this virus can contribute to respiratory illness in dogs and is part of the kennel cough complex.
5. Environmental Factors: Stress, poor ventilation, or exposure to cold and damp conditions can also predispose dogs to developing kennel cough.
Symptoms of Kennel Cough
The most notable symptom of kennel cough is a persistent dry, hacking cough. However, other signs may also appear, depending on the severity of the infection. These include:
1. Dry, Honking Cough: The hallmark of kennel cough, often heard as a “goose honk.” This cough can worsen with exercise or excitement.
2. Nasal Discharge: A watery or thick nasal discharge may be present.
3. Sneezing: Dogs with kennel cough may sneeze frequently.
4. Lethargy: Affected dogs might appear tired or less active than usual.
5. Loss of Appetite: Some dogs may experience a reduced appetite due to discomfort or illness.
6. Low-Grade Fever: Although not common, some dogs with kennel cough may develop a mild fever.
7. Gagging or Retching: In more severe cases, dogs might gag or retch after coughing.
While kennel cough is usually not severe, it can cause significant discomfort and distress in affected dogs. In more serious cases, especially in puppies, elderly dogs, or those with pre-existing health issues, the infection can progress to pneumonia, which can be life-threatening.
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How to Treat Kennel Cough in Dogs
Treatment for kennel cough typically involves a combination of supportive care, medications, and rest. While the condition often resolves on its own within 1-3 weeks, treatment can help alleviate symptoms, prevent complications, and speed up recovery.
1. Veterinary Diagnosis and Consultation
If you suspect your dog has kennel cough, it’s important to consult with a veterinarian. Kennel cough can present with symptoms similar to other respiratory diseases, such as canine influenza or pneumonia. Your vet will conduct a physical examination and may take a sample of nasal discharge to identify the specific pathogen causing the infection.
In some cases, additional tests like blood work, X-rays, or a tracheal wash may be needed to rule out other conditions or assess the severity.
2. Antibiotics (If Bacterial Infection is Confirmed)
If a bacterial infection, such as Bordetella bronchiseptica, is diagnosed, the veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection. Antibiotics help target and eliminate the bacteria causing the illness.
Common antibiotics used to treat kennel cough include:
- Doxycycline
- Clavamox
- Baytril
Even if the kennel cough is viral in nature, antibiotics may still be prescribed if there is a secondary bacterial infection present.
3. Cough Suppressants and Bronchodilators
Cough suppressants can help reduce the severity of the cough and make the dog more comfortable. However, these medications should only be used under a veterinarian’s supervision. Overuse of cough suppressants can mask symptoms and delay diagnosis if the dog develops complications.
Bronchodilators, which help relax the muscles around the airways, may be used to relieve coughing and ease breathing difficulties.
4. Antiviral Medications (If Viral Infection is Present)
If the underlying cause of the kennel cough is viral (such as the parainfluenza virus), antiviral medications may be prescribed. However, in many cases, the body can clear the virus without the need for medication. Your vet will assess the situation and decide whether antiviral treatment is necessary.
5. Corticosteroids (In Severe Cases)
In more severe cases, where the inflammation is significant and the dog is having difficulty breathing, corticosteroids may be administered to reduce inflammation in the airways. These are typically reserved for dogs with significant symptoms or secondary infections.
6. Rest and Isolation
Rest is essential for dogs with kennel cough. Just like humans, dogs need time to recover, and overexertion can worsen the condition. Keeping your dog calm and in a quiet environment can promote faster healing.
Isolation is crucial to prevent the spread of the infection to other dogs. Kennel cough is highly contagious, so it is recommended to keep the affected dog away from other dogs for at least 2-3 weeks or until symptoms subside.
7. Hydration and Nutrition
Ensure your dog stays well-hydrated, as dehydration can make symptoms worse. If your dog’s appetite is decreased, try offering bland, easy-to-digest food like boiled chicken and rice. You may also want to consider wetting their dry food to make it easier to eat.
8. Humidifiers and Steam Therapy
Humidifiers can help moisten the air and relieve irritation in your dog’s throat and airways. Steam therapy is another option — running a hot shower and sitting with your dog in the bathroom can help clear mucus from their airways and ease coughing.
Preventing Kennel Cough
Preventing kennel cough involves a combination of vaccinations, good hygiene practices, and careful management of your dog’s exposure to other dogs.
1. Vaccination: The Bordetella vaccine is the most effective way to prevent kennel cough. While it does not guarantee full immunity, it significantly reduces the severity of symptoms. The vaccine is recommended for dogs that are frequently in contact with other dogs, such as those who visit kennels, dog parks, or grooming facilities. There are both injectable and intranasal versions of the vaccine, with the intranasal vaccine offering faster protection.
2. Good Hygiene: Ensure that your dog’s living space is clean and free of pathogens. Disinfect toys, bedding, and bowls regularly, especially if your dog has been in contact with other dogs.
3. Avoiding High-Risk Areas: If your dog is at high risk (i.e., unvaccinated or in poor health), avoid places where large numbers of dogs gather until they are well protected.
4. Boosting Immunity: A healthy diet and regular exercise can help maintain a strong immune system, making your dog less susceptible to infections.
FAQs
Can kennel cough go away on its own?
Yes, kennel cough often resolves on its own in 1-3 weeks. However, it’s important to monitor your dog and seek veterinary care if symptoms worsen or if your dog is at high risk.
How contagious is kennel cough?
Kennel cough is highly contagious and can spread through the air, contaminated surfaces, or direct contact with infected dogs. It’s important to isolate your dog from other dogs to prevent spreading the infection.
Can humans catch kennel cough?
No, kennel cough is specific to dogs and cannot be transmitted to humans. However, humans can spread the bacteria or virus indirectly by coming into contact with infected dogs or contaminated surfaces.
Is kennel cough fatal?
In most cases, kennel cough is not fatal, but it can be
