Catnip (Nepeta cataria) is a well-known herb in the cat world, famous for driving many felines into a state of pure joy. If you’re a cat owner, you may have noticed your cat going wild over catnip, rolling on it, sniffing it, and even playing with it obsessively. But what is it about catnip that causes this behavior?
Why do cats love it so much, and how can you use it effectively to enhance your cat’s playtime? In this article, we will delve into the fascinating world of catnip, exploring its effects, how it works, and how you can use it effectively to enrich your cat’s life.
What Is Catnip?
Catnip is a member of the mint family, and it contains a compound called nepetalactone, which is responsible for its unique effects on cats. The plant itself is aromatic, with serrated green leaves and small white or purple flowers. Nepetalactone is most commonly found in the leaves, stems, and seeds of the plant. While catnip is safe and non-toxic for cats, its effects can vary widely between individuals. Some cats respond strongly to it, while others may have no reaction at all.
Interestingly, only about 50-75% of cats are sensitive to catnip, and this sensitivity is inherited genetically. Kittens and elderly cats are less likely to respond, and cats with certain health issues or a diminished sense of smell might also show little to no interest.
Why Do Cats Love Catnip?
Catnip affects cats by triggering a response in the brain, specifically targeting receptors in the nose and brain. These receptors are activated by nepetalactone, which binds to the receptors in the olfactory system, causing a chemical reaction in the brain. This, in turn, results in the famous catnip “high” — a euphoric reaction similar to the effects of some recreational substances on humans.
The Behavior of a Cat on Catnip
When a cat smells catnip, the reaction can range from playful excitement to an almost trance-like state. Some of the behaviors commonly observed in cats under the influence of catnip include:
- Rolling on the floor: Cats often rub themselves in the catnip, rolling around in ecstasy.
- Sniffing and licking: Cats will sniff the catnip intensely, and some might even lick it.
- Bouncing or pouncing: Some cats become extremely playful, darting around and pouncing on imaginary prey.
- Meowing or chirping: Cats may vocalize more than usual when under the influence of catnip.
- Aggression: A small percentage of cats may exhibit an increase in aggressive behavior, such as biting or clawing, especially if they are overwhelmed by the sensation.
- Relaxation: After the initial excitement, some cats will calm down and become unusually mellow or even fall asleep.
The effects of catnip typically last for 10-15 minutes, after which the cat will lose interest. It may take an hour or two for the cat to become sensitive to it again. If a cat is exposed to catnip too frequently, they can develop a tolerance and may not respond as strongly.
The Science Behind Catnip’s Effects
The compound nepetalactone is an oil found in catnip, which acts as a behavioral modifier. When cats inhale the scent of catnip, the nepetalactone binds to receptors in the nasal tissue that are responsible for sending signals to the brain. This leads to the release of certain chemicals, including endorphins and dopamine, which produce the euphoric response in the cat.
Interestingly, catnip only works when cats sniff it — ingestion doesn’t have the same effect. While some cats may nibble on the plant, it is the scent of the leaves that activates the brain’s sensory system.
The reaction is primarily related to the olfactory system (the sense of smell), so cats that have damaged or diminished smell may not be affected by catnip. Furthermore, not all species of felines respond the same way. Big cats, like lions and tigers, can also be sensitive to catnip, though they respond differently than domestic cats.
The Genetic Aspect of Catnip Response
As mentioned, not all cats respond to catnip, and this is due to genetic inheritance. The sensitivity to catnip is an inherited trait, so kittens that are born to catnip-loving parents are more likely to have the same response. It is estimated that about one in four cats does not react to catnip at all, and they may simply show no interest in it.
READ ALSO: Understanding and Correcting Bad Dog Behaviors
How to Use Catnip Effectively
If your cat is one of the lucky ones that loves catnip, there are many ways you can use it to enrich their lives. Here are some tips on how to use catnip effectively and safely:
1. Sprinkle It on Toys
You can sprinkle dried catnip on your cat’s favorite toys to encourage more playtime. Catnip works as a natural stimulant, encouraging your cat to play, chase, and bat at the toy with more enthusiasm. It’s a great way to keep your cat active and mentally engaged, especially for indoor cats who might not get as much exercise.
2. Make Homemade Catnip Toys
Instead of buying expensive toys, you can make your own DIY catnip toys. For instance, you can sew a small pouch with fabric and stuff it with dried catnip. You can also add a bit of stuffing or cotton to make the toy more durable. Cats will enjoy batting and tossing these toys around, and they’ll love the added excitement of the catnip.
3. Use Catnip for Training
Catnip can also be used as a tool for training. For example, you can sprinkle a little on your cat’s scratching post to encourage them to use it instead of your furniture. The scent of the catnip will entice your cat to scratch the post, making it a more attractive option.
4. Interactive Catnip Toys
Interactive toys like catnip-filled balls, tunnels, or wands can keep your cat engaged for longer periods of time. These toys can also provide opportunities for bonding and play, which are essential for your cat’s mental and physical well-being.
5. Catnip as a Reward
If your cat is motivated by food, you can use catnip as a reward or treat. Some cat treats are infused with catnip, and you can give these to your cat after they complete a trick or accomplish something. This will not only stimulate their senses but also reinforce positive behavior.
6. Grow Your Own Catnip
If you have a green thumb, you may want to try growing your own catnip. It’s relatively easy to grow and can be a fun and cost-effective way to supply your cat with fresh catnip. You can grow it in a small garden, window box, or even indoors on a sunny windowsill. Fresh catnip can be used immediately and may have a stronger effect on your cat compared to dried catnip.
7. Avoid Overuse
Although catnip is harmless, it’s best to avoid overusing it. If you offer your cat catnip too frequently, they might become desensitized to it, and it won’t have the same stimulating effect. A good rule of thumb is to offer it every few days rather than every day. This will ensure your cat doesn’t develop a tolerance and continues to enjoy the benefits of catnip.
FAQs
Is catnip safe for my cat?
Yes, catnip is completely safe for most cats. It is non-toxic, and there’s no risk of overdose. However, like anything, moderation is key. Offering catnip in moderation will prevent your cat from becoming desensitized to it or overexerting themselves.
How long do the effects of catnip last?
The effects of catnip usually last between 10 to 15 minutes. Afterward, your cat will typically lose interest and might ignore the catnip for a while. It can take an hour or more for your cat to become sensitive to it again.
Can catnip be harmful to kittens?
Kittens under the age of 6 months generally do not respond to catnip because they haven’t yet developed the receptors necessary for the compound to have an effect. There is no harm in offering catnip to kittens, but they likely won’t show much interest until they are older.
Can my cat overdose on catnip?
No, it is virtually impossible for a cat to overdose on catnip. While cats can become overly excited, or even a little aggressive, from too much catnip, it doesn’t cause any long-term harm. However, excessive consumption may lead to mild gastrointestinal upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea, so it’s important to offer catnip in moderation.
Why doesn’t my cat respond to catnip?
If your cat doesn’t respond to catnip, it could be due to genetics. As mentioned earlier, not all cats are genetically predisposed to react to catnip. Additionally, older cats and those with a diminished sense of smell might not be affected.
How do I store catnip?
Store catnip in an airtight container to preserve its potency. Keep it in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight, which can degrade the active compounds. Fresh catnip can be refrigerated or frozen to prolong its freshness.
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